SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 
    831, 832, 833, 834
  )

Query time 0.00089

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834)"
    }
  }
}