SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1135, 1136, 1137, 
    1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 
    1144, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 
    1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 
    1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 
    1163, 1164, 1165, 14, 1256
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00066

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["usergroup", "product_id", "lower_limit", "usergroup_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 36,
      "filtered": 7.346936703,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_prices.product_id in (1130,1131,1132,1133,1135,1136,1137,1138,1139,1140,1141,1142,1143,1144,1146,1147,1148,1149,1150,1151,1152,1153,1154,1155,1156,1157,1158,1159,1160,1161,1162,1163,1164,1165,14,1256)",
      "attached_condition": "cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 and cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id in (0,1)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id price
14 100000.00000000
1130 0.00000000
1131 0.00000000
1132 0.00000000
1133 0.00000000
1135 0.00000000
1136 23500.00000000
1137 0.00000000
1138 0.00000000
1139 0.00000000
1140 0.00000000
1141 0.00000000
1142 0.00000000
1143 0.00000000
1144 138000.00000000
1146 0.00000000
1147 180000.00000000
1148 0.00000000
1149 0.00000000
1150 0.00000000
1151 0.00000000
1152 0.00000000
1153 0.00000000
1154 0.00000000
1155 0.00000000
1156 0.00000000
1157 0.00000000
1158 52000.00000000
1159 52000.00000000
1160 52000.00000000
1161 44000.00000000
1162 21000.00000000
1163 24600.00000000
1164 52000.00000000
1165 52000.00000000
1256 0.00000000