SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    1237, 271, 1009, 264, 725, 250, 266, 235, 
    873, 872, 875, 874, 666, 300, 669, 664, 
    309, 287, 288, 668, 667, 308, 662, 663
  )

Query time 0.00131

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (1237,271,1009,264,725,250,266,235,873,872,875,874,666,300,669,664,309,287,288,668,667,308,662,663)"
    }
  }
}