SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    1610, 1706, 1683, 1946, 1524, 1562, 1509, 
    1952, 1700, 1589, 1492, 1316
  )

Query time 0.00084

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (1610,1706,1683,1946,1524,1562,1509,1952,1700,1589,1492,1316)"
    }
  }
}