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SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_keywords, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.search_words, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.promo_text, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    417, 433, 580, 514, 471, 654, 263, 1037, 
    574, 495, 813, 1086
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja'

Query time 0.00082

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (417,433,580,514,471,654,263,1037,574,495,813,1086) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ja'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id	short_description	full_description	meta_keywords	meta_description	search_words	promo_text	unit_name
263
417
433
471
495
514
574
580
654
813
1037
1086