SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    1689, 1752, 1751, 1748, 1649, 1743, 1750, 
    1749, 1731, 1683, 1747, 1746
  )

Query time 0.00086

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (1689,1752,1751,1748,1649,1743,1750,1749,1731,1683,1747,1746)"
    }
  }
}