SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    1832, 1831, 1830, 1829, 1828, 1826, 1816, 
    1827, 1825, 1824, 1823, 1822
  )

Query time 0.00086

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (1832,1831,1830,1829,1828,1826,1816,1827,1825,1824,1823,1822)"
    }
  }
}