SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    692, 1189, 845, 765, 598, 1024, 1416, 
    1432, 1410, 558, 557, 556
  )

Query time 0.00095

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (692,1189,845,765,598,1024,1416,1432,1410,558,557,556)"
    }
  }
}