SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    712, 693, 691, 1013, 762, 1241, 1264, 
    723, 751, 503, 628, 467, 754, 752, 655, 
    761, 1142, 1141, 1146, 721, 722, 615, 
    524, 1140
  )

Query time 0.00121

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (712,693,691,1013,762,1241,1264,723,751,503,628,467,754,752,655,761,1142,1141,1146,721,722,615,524,1140)"
    }
  }
}