SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    1658, 1558, 1644, 1262, 1552, 1398, 1595, 
    1576, 1870, 1691, 1776, 1785
  )

Query time 0.00093

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (1658,1558,1644,1262,1552,1398,1595,1576,1870,1691,1776,1785)"
    }
  }
}