SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_ult_product_descriptions.short_description = "", 
    cscart_ult_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ""
  ) AS full_description, 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.meta_keywords, 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.meta_description, 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.search_words, 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.promo_text 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    1652, 1309, 1653, 1668, 1634, 1688, 1499, 
    1613, 1648, 1723, 1590, 1510
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_descriptions.company_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00083

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_ult_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id", "company_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "13",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code", "company_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_ult_product_descriptions.company_id = 1 and cscart_ult_product_descriptions.product_id in (1652,1309,1653,1668,1634,1688,1499,1613,1648,1723,1590,1510) and cscart_ult_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description meta_keywords meta_description search_words promo_text
1309
1499
1510
1590
1613
1634
1648
1652
1653
1668
1688
1723