SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    23, 24, 1255, 1796, 1468, 1466, 1467, 
    1482, 1484, 1480, 1483, 409
  )

Query time 0.00080

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (23,24,1255,1796,1468,1466,1467,1482,1484,1480,1483,409)"
    }
  }
}